Gender,School & Society

Contents:-


Unit-1: Gender Issues: Key Concepts
1. Gender, Sex, Sexuality
• Distinction between Sex and Gender
• Etymological Sense of Gender
• Gender Discourse in Indian Context
• Concepts of Sex and Gender
• Biological Determinism
• Gender, Sexuality and Sexism
• Concept of Sexuality
• Religion
• Family
• Direction of Control over Sexuality


2. Patriarchy, Masculinity and Feminism
• Patriarchy
• Different Aspects of Patriarchy
• 1. Concept of Private Property and Control over Women’s Reproduction
• 2. Control over Labour Force
• 3. Paternalism
• 4. Women’s Cooperation in Maintaining Patriarchal System
• 5. Caste System and Patriarchy
• 6. Benevolent Paternalism
• Masculinity
• Feminism
• Concept of Feminism
• Feminist theories
• Origin and Growth of Feminist Thought
• Emergence of Feminist Awareness
• Typology of Feminism
• Liberal Feminism
• Basic Assumptions
• Evaluation
• Radical Feminism
• Basic Assumptions
• Chief Points of Radical Feminism
• 1. Personal is Political
• 2. Creation of Women’s Space
• Evaluation
• Conclusion
• Socialist/ Marxist Feminism
• Assumptions
• 1. Relationship between Capitalist Patriarchy, Domestic Labour and Reproduction
• 2. It is a Question of not only Exploitation but also Subordination
• 3. Separatism and Isolation
• 4. Problems Pertaining to Emerging Employment
• Evaluation
• Postmodernist Feminism
• 1. Post Feminism
• 2. Black Feminism
• 3. Eco-feminism
• 4. Power Feminism
• Western Feminism Vs. Indian Feminism
• Chronological Overview




3. Gender Bias
• Birth
• Childhood to Adulthood and its Education
• Adulthood and Onwards
• Discrimination towards Men
• Consequences
• Different Forms of Violence
• Agencies Perpetuating Violence
• Family
• Child Marriage or Early Marriage
• Female Infanticide and Female Foeticide
• Female Infanticide
• Causes of Female Infanticide
• Female Infanticide: Sex Ratio and Prevalence
• Female Foeticide
• Pre-natal Diagnostic Technique (PNDT) Act, 1988
• Misuse of Sex Determination Technology
• Sexual Harassment at Workplace
• Definitions of Sexual Harassment at Workplace
• Two Types of Sexual Harassment
• Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention) Act, 2000
• Violence on Women: Dowry and Bride Burning
• Legislations Regarding Dowry
• Dowry Prohibition Act, 1984
• New Legislations
• Rape
• Laws Regarding Rape
• Punishment
• Important Laws Pertaining to Women in India



4. Gender Stereotyping and Empowerment
• Gender Stereotyping
• Definitions of Stereotype
• Common Gender Stereotypes
• Gender Stratification
• Gender (Women) Empowerment
• Woman Empowerment
• Definition of Women Empowerment
• Education and Women Empowerment
• Criteria of Women Empowerment
• Giving Girls and Women an Opportunity in Skill Training



5. Equity and Equality in Education
• Gender Equity and Equality
• Gender and Class
• Gender and Caste, Religion and Ethnicity
• Gender and Disability
• Gender and Religion
• Gender Equity and Equality in Education
• Education and Women
• Meaning of Education for Women
• Objectives of Women’s Education
• Life Skills and Women
• Definition of Life Skills
• Different Aspects of Life Skills
• Need for and Importance of Life Skills
• Women and Sustainable Development
• Special Role of Women as Protector of Environment
• Waste Management and Woman Worker



6. Equity and Equality in Education: Present Status in India and Prospects
• Gender Realities and Challenges of Education
• Drop-out Rates in School Education
• Table: Drop-out Rates in School Education
• A: All Categories of Students
• Issues Concerning Enrolment of Girls and Their Retention
• Table: Number of Girls per Hundred Boys Enrolled by Stages of Education
• Education as a Means of Socialisation and Social Control
• List of States on the Basis of Sex Ratio
• Child Sex Ratio
• Implications for Girls as Students
• Table: Examination Results
• A: Class X 2010
• B: Class XII 2010
• C: Class XII- Selected Streams- 2010
• Heterogeneous Gender Realities and Domains and Challenges in Education
• Table: Level-wise Enrolment A: All Categories of Students
• Table: Level-wise Enrolment A: Scheduled Caste Students
• Table: Level-wise Enrolment B: Scheduled Caste Students
• What type of School are children going to? Change over time? Enrolment in Private Schools
• Concerns Specific to Education




7. Polyandrous, Matrilineal and Matriarchal Societies in India
• Types of Polyandry
• Fraternal Polyandry
• Partible Polyandry
• Occurrences of Polyandry
• Asia
• Hinduism
• Judaism
• Christianity
• Islam
• Matrilineal Societies in India
• Matrilineal Surname
• Care of children
• Matrilineality in Specific Ethnic Groups
• Matriarchal Societies in India
• Definitions, Connotations, and Etymology
• Asia
• India



Unit- II: Gender Studies: Paradigm Shift


8. Paradigm Shift from Women’s Studies to Gender Studies
• Meaning of Paradigm Shift
• Paradigm Shift from Women’s Studies to Gender Studies
• Gender Studies and Gender Main Streaming


9. Historical Backdrop: Women’s Social Reform Movements
• Concept of Social Reform Movement
• Women’s Movements in India
• (A) Pre-independence Women’s Movements in India: First Wave of Women’s Movements
• Social Reform Movement and Women
• Raja Ram Mohan Roy
• Development of Women’s Education
• Ishwar Chadra Vidyasagar
• Justice Mahadev Gobind Ranade
• Mahrishi Karve
• Swami Dayananda
• Swami Vivekananda
• 1. The Gujarat Vernacular Society
• 2. The Deccan Education Society
• 3. Ramakrishna Mission
• 4. Arya Samaj
• 5. Hingne Women’s Education Institution
• 6. SNDT Women University
• 7. Seva Sadan
• 8. Indian National Social Conference
• 9. All India Women’s Conference
• 10. Sharda Sadan
• (B) Women in Indian national Movement
• (C) Post-independence Women’s Movements in India: The Second Wave
• (D) Contemporary Women’s Movements in India: Third Wave of Women’s Movement
• Important Committees and Commissions for Women
• International Conventions



10. Theories on Gender and Education and Their Application in Indian Context
• Four Feminist Approaches to Educational Intervention
• 1. Socialisation Theory
• 2. Gender-difference Theory
• Leftist Challenge to Liberal Feminists
• 3. Structural Theory
• 4. Deconstructive Theory
• Theories on Gender and Education: Comparative Analysis
• Conclusion


11. Power Control in Patriarchal, Patrilineal, Matriarchal and Matrilineal Societies
• Patriarchal Societies
• Etymology and Usage
• History and Origin of Modern Patriarchy
• Feminist Theory
• Patriarchal System
• Characteristics of a Patriarchal System
• Examples of Patriarchal System: Military
• Patrilineality
• Agnatic Succession
• Assessing Effect of Patriarchal, Patrilineal, Matriarchy and Matrilineal Societies on Children’s Education



Unit- III: Gender, Power and Education

12. Gender Identities and Socialisation Practices
• Socialisation Processes: Meaning and Definition
• Characteristics of Socialization
• Process of Socialization
• Agencies Leading to Socialization of a Child
• Factors Resisting Socialization of a Child
• Role of Teacher in the Process of Socialization



13. Schooling of Girls: Inequalities and Resistances
• Schooling of Girls
• Education and Violence against Women
• Education and Women’s Empowerment
• Schooling of Girls in India
• Ghosha
• Lopamudra
• Maitreyi
• Gargi
• British India
• Independent India
• Current Policies
• Inequalities and Resistance Issues of Access, Retention and Exclusion



14. Collection of Folklores Reflecting Socialisation Processes
• Pattern of Folktale Practices among School Children and Socialisation Process
• Culture Acquisition through Folk tales



15. Changing Perspectives with Legal Provisions
• The Hindu Succession Act, 1956
• Introduction
• Main features of the act
• Overriding effect of the act
• Scheme of the act
• Intestate succession
• Devolution of interest in Mitakshara Coparcenary Property
• (a) Section 6 of the act as it stood before the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005
• What is Coparcenary
• Coparcenary Property
• Illustrations
• (b) Section 6 of the Act as it Stood before the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005
• Devolution of interest in the property of Tarwad, Tavazhi, Kutumba, Kavaru ot Illom
• Succession of Property of a male Hindu
• Property of a female Hindu to be her absolute property
• Effect of Section 14
• Female Benamidar of the property
• Basic difference between sub-section (1) and sub-section (2) of Section 14 of Hindu Succession Act
• Object of section 14(2)
• Rules of Succession of the property of females
• Succession under the Muslim Law
• General Principles of Inheritance
• 1. No joint family property
• 2. Birth-right not recognized
• 3. Estate Vests at once in the Heirs
• 4. Child in the womb
• 5. Principle of Primogeniture
• 6. Principle of Representation
• 7. Principle of Exclusion
• (a) Homicide
• Sunni Law of Inheritance
• Classes of Heirs
• Shia Law of Inheritance
• No “Distant Kindred”
• Classification of Heirs
• Sunni (Hanafi) and Shia Law of Inheritance Distinguished
• 1. Rule of Primogeniture
• 2. Homicide
• 3. Illegitimate child
• 4. Movable and immovable property
• 5. Doctrine of representation
• 6. Classification of Heirs
• 7. Nearer Degree Excluding the Remoter
• 8. Doctrine of Aul
• 9. Doctrine of Rudd (Return)
• 10. Devolution of Residue
• 11. Under Shia Law the Mother’s Right to get 1/3 not curtailed
• Hindu and Muslim Law of inheritance Compared



Unit- IV: Gender Issues in Curriculum


16. Social Construction of Masculinity and Femininity
• Purpose of Education: Narrowing or expanding human capacities
• Critical definitions of gender, masculinity, equality and empowerment
• Gender
• Masculinity
• Equality
• Empowerment
• Substantive Citizenship and linking and collective gender-based transformation
• Gender, education and construction of knowledge
• Why to deal with gender issues in education
• How gender-based inquiry can enhance education
• Diversity and Intersectionality
• How education can address gender inequalities
• Paradox of education and internally contradictory construction of knowledge
• Constructing alternative gender-based framework of knowledge and making visible the invisible
• Need for alternative gender-based framework of knowledge



17. Patriarchies in Interaction with Other Social Structures and Identities
• Social Structures and Identities
• Diverse learning theories and gender identity formulation
• Gender roles
• Formulation of gender roles identity and self-concept in different cultures: Gender Socialisation
• Gender roles
• Some additional instances and episodic narrations
• Patriarchies in interaction with social structures and identities
• Speaking pictures



18. Reproducing Gender in School Curriculum, Textbooks and Classroom Processes
• Reproducing gender in school curriculum and textbooks
• (a) History
• (b) Economics
• (c) Sociology
• (d) Political Science
• (e) Geography
• (f) Sciences
• (g) Mathematics
• (h) Language
• Reproducing gender in classroom processes and student-teacher interactions
• Pedagogy
• Indications for exercise
• Teacher as agent of change: teacher training
• Experiment on gender issue by rural school female teacher


19. Overcoming Gender Stereotypes
• Overcoming Gender Stereotypes


20. Working towards Gender Equality in the Classroom: Need and Strategies
• Locating the teacher
• Problem with gender input and teacher training
• The Way Forward
• Using Creative Methodologies


21. Empowerment of Women: Strategies and Issues
• Co-education
• Merits of Co-education
• Demerits of Co-education
• Inference
• Relationship within school
• National Educational Policies and Gender Issues
• Nationalisation of Women’s Education
• Towards Equality Report, 1975
• National Educational Policy, 1986
• Provisions for Women Empowerment in National Educational Policy, 1986
• National Curriculum Framework, 2000
• Government Policies and Existing Approaches to Gender, Equality and Empowerment
• Appendix ‘A’: Definitions and Vocabulary
• Other Definitions
• Appendix ‘B’: Important Tables
• Table: Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER)A: All Categories of students
• Table: Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER)A: All Categories of students
• Table: Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER)B: Scheduled Caste Students
• Table: Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER)C: Scheduled Tribes Students
• Table: Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER)C: Scheduled Tribes Students
• Table: Gender Parity Index (GPI)A: All Categories of Students
• Table: Gender Parity Index (GPI)B: Scheduled Caste Students
• Table: Gender Parity Index (GPI)C: Scheduled Tribes Students
• Table: Public Expenditure on Education and Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
• Table : Literacy Rates (7+ Age Groups) (in Percentage)
• Table: Adult Literacy Rates (15+ Age Group) (in Percentage)
• Table: Number of Institutions by Type: 2013-14 (P)
• Table: Number and Pupil-teacher Ratio by Type of Institution
• Table: Gender Parity Index
• Table: Level-wise Drop-Out Ratio in school education (in % age)
• Table: Examination Result
• Table: Literacy Rates (% age)
• Table: Number of Recognised Educational Institutes
• Table: Number of Girls Per Hundred Boys Enrolled by Stage of Education
• Table: Number of Female Teacher Per Hundred Male Teachers
• Table: Public Expenditure on Education and Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
• Bibliography
• Reading List
• Web References
• Objective Questions
• Tick the right options
• Tick True or False