Childhood & Growing Up

CONTENTS

1. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: MEANING, DEVELOPMENT AND MATURATION, FACTORS AFFECTING AND PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Concept of Growth
1.2 Concept of Development
1.3 Difference between Growth and Development
1.4 Principles of Growth and Development
1.5 Maturation
1.5.1 Definitions of Maturation
1.5.2 Characteristics of Maturation
1.5.3 Essentials of Maturation
1.5.4 Factors of Maturation
1.5.5 Effect of Maturation on Growth and Development
1.6 Educational Significance of Growth and Development
1.7 Factors Influencing Development
1.8 Environmental factors for Growth and Development
1.9 Significance of Growth and Development
1.10 Stages of Development

2. STAGES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Infancy Period
2.1.1 Physical Development
2.1.2 Motor Development
2.1.3 Mental Development
2.1.4 Emotional Development
2.1.5 Social Development Early Childhood Period
2.2 Early Childhood Period
2.2.1 Physical Development
2.2.2 Intellectual Development
2.2.3 Emotional Development 2.2.4 Social Development

2.3 Later Childhood Period
2.3.1 Physical Growth
2.3.2 Motor Development
2.3.3 Mental Development
2.3.4 Emotional Development
2.3.5 Social Development
2.3.6 Moral Development
2.3.7 Educational Implications Adolescence Period

2.4 Adolescence Period
2.5 Adult Period
2.5.1 Characteristics
2.5.2 Social Development
2.5.3 Vocational and Family Adjustment
2.6 Old Age
2.6.1 Vocational and Family Adjustment

3. PHYSICAL-MOTOR DEVELOPMENT: DEVELOPMENT OF GROSS AND FINE MOTOR SKILLS
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Motor Skills
3.3 Gross Motor skills
3.3.1 Types of Gross Motor Skills
3.3.2 Development of Gross Motor Skill
3.3.3 Importance of Gross Motor Skills for Children

3.4 Fine Motor Skills
3.4.1 Types of Fine Motor Skills
3.4.2 Development of Fine Motor Skills
3.4.3 Importance of Fine Motor Skills for Children

4. PLAY: CONCEPT, TYPES, IMPORTANCE IN PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Concept of Play
4.3 Types of Play
4.4 Importance of Play in Physical Development

5. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: CONCEPTS & DEVELOPMENT OF THINKING & PROBLEM SOLVING (PIAGET'S AND VYGOTSKY)
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Cognitive Development
5.2 Cognitive Development at Different Stages
5.3 Theory of Cognitive Development
5.3.1 Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
5.3.2 Vygotsky's Theory

6. SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL AND MOTOR DEVELOPMENT: ERICKSON'S THEORY OF PSYCHO SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
6.0 Introduction
6.1 Socio-Emotional Development
6.1.1 Social Development
6.1.2 Personal, Social and Emotional Development
6.2 Social Maturity
6.2.1 Salient Points of Social Maturity 6.3 Emotional Development
6.3.1 Emotional Maturity
6.4 Erikson's Theory of Psycho-Social Development
6.4.1 Erikson's Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development
6.4.2 Wisdom: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
(Maturity, 65-Death)
6.4.3 Critical Analysis of the Theory
7. SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL AND MOTOR DEVELOPMENT: KOHLBERG'S: THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
7.0 Introducton
7.1 Meaning of Moral Development
7.2 Stages of Moral Development
7.3 Historical Background
7.4 Views about Motor Development
7.5 Theories of Motor Development
7.5.1 Piaget's Theory of Moral Reasoning
7.5.2 Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
7.6 Stages of Motor Development
7.7. Factors which affect Motor Development
7.8 Educational Implications
7.9 Critical Analysis of Kohlberg's Theory
7.9.1 Crificism of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development 145

8. MULTIPLE CHILDHOOD: FACTORS, SIMILARITIES AND DIVERSITIES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE INDIAN CONTEXT
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Meaning of Multiple Childhood
8.3 Types of Multiple Childhood
8.4 Factors Affecting Multiple Childhood
8.5 Similarities of Multiple Childhood
8.6 Diversities of Multiple Childhood


9. CONCEPT OF SOCIALIZATION: FAMILY, PARENTING, CHILD REARING PRACTICES AND ITS AGENCIES
9.1 Role of Family in Socialization
9.1.1 Family Plays a very Significant Role Socialization of the Child
9.2 Parenting
9.2.1 Types of Parenting
9.3.1 Important Practices Employed in Rearing Children
9.4 Child-Rearing Practices
9.4 Child Rearing Agencies
9.4.1 Creche as an Agency of Child Rearing 9.4.2 Orphanages as an Agency of Child Rearing 169

10. CONCEPT OF SOCIALIZATION: PEERS-FRIENDSHIPS AND GENDER-COMPETITION, COOPERATION AND CONFLICT; AGGRESSION AND BULLYING FROM EARLY CHILDHOOD TO ADOLESCENCE, PEER INFLUENCES

10.1 Friendships and Gender
10.2 Competition, Cooperation and Conflict
10.2.1 Competition
10.2.2 Cooperation
10.2.3 Conflict
10.3 Aggression and Bullying
10.3.1 Aggression
10.3.2 Bullying
10.4 Peer Groups Influences
11. CONCEPT OF SOCIALIZATION: SCHOOL-RELATIONSHIP WITH PEERS, TEACHERS AND STAFF, TEACHER EXPECTATION AND SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT, AVERAGE LEARNERS AND PEER RELATIONSHIPS
11.1 Origin and Definition of School
11.2 Relationship with Peers


11.2.1 Meaning of Peer
11.2.2 Characteristics of Peers
11.2.3 Importance of Peers
11.3 Relationship with Teachers and Staff 11.4 Teacher Expectations and Student Achievement
11.5 Average Leamers and Peer Relationships

12. SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN SOCIALIZATION, IMPACT OF DIVERSE
SOCIALIZATION PATTERNS ON CHILDREN AND IMPLICATIONS FOR INCLUSION

12.1 Social, Economic and Cultural Differences in Socialization
12.2 Impact of Diverse Socialization Patterns on Children
12.3 Impact of Diverse Socialization Patterns on Inclusion and Its Implications

13. CHILDHOOD ISSUES AND CONCERNS: SEPARATION/LOSS OF PARENTS. WORKING PARENTS, TRAUMA SURVIVORS
13.1 Separation/Loss of Parents: Issues and Concerns
13.1.1 Behavioral Changes in Children
13.1.2 Effects of Separation/Divorce on Children
13.2 Working Parents: Issues and Concerns
13.2.1 Effects of Working Parents on Children
13.3 Trauma Survivors: Issues and Concerns
13.3.1 Causes of Childhood Trauma
13.3.2 Symptoms of Trauma
13.3.3 Effects of Trauma on Trauma Survivors

14. CHILDHOOD ISSUES AND CONCERNS: CHILD ABUSE ISSUES AND PROBLEMS AND AWARENESS ABOUT RIGHT OF THE CHILD
14.1 Issues related to Child Abuse
14.2 Problems of Child Abuse
14.3 Awareness about Rights of the Child


15. CHILDHOOD ISSUES AND CONCERNS: ROLE OF MEDIA IN DEALING WITH ISSUES, CONCERNS AND
PROBLEMS OF CHILD ABUSE
15.1 Role of Media
15.2 Problems/Reasons for Child Abuse
16. CHILDHOOD ISSUES AND CONCERNS: CHILD OBESITY - CAUSES AND REMEDIES
16.1 Factors Causing Obesity in Children
16.2 Remedies
17. CHILDHOOD ISSUES AND CONCERNS: JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
17.1 Definitions of Juvenile Delinquency
17.2 Concepts Related to Delinquency
17.3 Patterns of Delinquency
17.4 Characteristics of Delinquent Children
17.5 Causes of Delinquency
17.6 Treatment and Prevention of Delinquency
17.7 Methods which can be Adopted by Parents
17.8 Steps which can be Adopted by Schools
17.9 Preventive Measures which can be Adopted by the State and Social Agencies
17.10 Educational Programme of the Delinquent Children

18. ADOLESCENCE ISSUES: BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS OF ADOLESCENTS, SUBSTANCE MISUSE AND
DRUG ADDICTION
18.1 Behavioural Problems of Adolescents
18.2 Substance Misuse and Drug Addiction
18.2.1 Development of Drug Addiction
18.2.2 Causes of Drug Abuse in Adolescents

18.23 Consequences of Drug Abuse

19. ADOLESCENCE CONCERNS: ROLE OF TEACHERS, PARENTS AND PEERS
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Meaning
19.3 Teacher's Role in Dealing with the Adolescence
19.4 Adolescence Concems: Role of Parents
19.5 Adolescence Concerns: Role of Peers

20. PROTECTION OF CHILD RIGHTS: ROLE AND CONTRIBUTION OF UNICEF, WHO, NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE PROTECTION OF CHILD RIGHTS, NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION,
CHILD HELP LINES AND NGOS
20.1 UNICEF
20.2 World Health Organization (WHO)
20.3 National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR)
20.4 National Human Rights Commission
20.5 Child Help Lines and NGOs