Abnormal Psychology : The Problem of Maladaptive Behavior

Contents: -



Special Features
Preface
Prelude


1. Introduction
-What This Chapter is About
-The Range of Abnormal Behavior
-What is Abnormal Psychology?
-Triggers of Mental Health Problems
-The Stigma of Abnormal Behavior
-Adaptive and Maladaptive Behavior


Historical Background of Modern Abnormal Psychology
-The Ancient Western World
-The Middle Ages
-The Renaissance
-The Age of Reason and the Enlightenment
-The Reform Movement


Recent Concepts of Abnormal Behavior
-The Psychological Approach
-The Organic Approach
-The Approaches Converge
-Vulnerability, Resilience, and Coping


The Epidemiology of Maladaptive Behavior
-Incidence. Prevalence, and Risk Factors
-Seeking Help for Abnormal Behavior
-Reasons for Clinical Contacts
-Sources of Help


Research in Abnormal Psychology
-Observing Behavior
- The Role of Theory
-The Research Journey
-Types of Research
-Research Design Statistical Analyses, and Inference
-Ethical Aspects of Research

Our Take-Away Message
Chapter Summary



2. Theoretical Perspectives on Maladaptive Behavior
What This Chapter Is About

The Role of Theory in Abnormal Psychology
-The Orientation of This Book
The Biological Perspective
-Genetic Factors
-The Nervous System and the Brain
-The Endoctines
-The Neuroscience Revolution
-Integration of Biological and Psychological Systems


The Psychodynamic Perspective
-Freud and Psychoanalysis
-More Recent Approaches to Psychoanalysis
-Evaluating Psychoanalytic Theory


The Behavioral Perspective
-Classical Conditioning
-Operant Conditioning
-Social Cognitive Theories


The Cognitive Perspective
-Maladaptive Behavior and Cognition
-Cognitive Therapies


The Humanistic-Existential Perspective
-The Humanistic View
-The Existental View


The Community-Cultural Perspective.
-Social Roles and Labeling
-Contributions of the Community Cultural Perspective


An Interactional Approach
Our Take-Away Message
Chapter Summary



3. The Therapeutic Enterprise: Choices, Techniques, Evaluation
What This Chapter Is About
Psychotherapy
-Psychodynamic Therapy and Psychoanalysis
-Humanistic and Existential Therapies
-Cognitive Psychotherapy
-Brief Psychotherapies
-How Effective is Psychotherapy?


Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches
-Behavior Therapy
-Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
-How Effective Are Cognitive and Behavioral Approaches?


Integration and Extension of Psychological Therapies
-Integrative Approaches to Treatment
-Group Approaches –
-How Effective Are Group Approaches?


Research on the Psychological Therapies
-Common and Unique Features of Therapies
-Therapeutic Outcomes 116 Comparing Therapies
-Recognizing Cultural and Ethnic Diversity


Integration of Psychologically Based Therapeutic Approaches
-Biological Therapies
-Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
-Drug Therapies
-How Effective Are Biological Therapies?


Hospitalization
Our Take-Away Message
Chapter Summary



4 Classification and Assessment
What This Chapter Is About
Classification: Categories of Maladaptive Behavior
-Advantages and Disadvantages of Classification
-Vulnerability, Resilience, and Coping
-The Multiaxial Approach
-DSM-IV-TR
-The Major Diagnostic Categories
-Evaluation of the DSM Multiaxial Approach
-Research on Classification



Assessment: The Basis of Classification
-The Interview
-Intelligence Tests
-Neuropsychological Tests
-Personality Assessment
-Behavioral Assessment
-Cognitive Assessment
-Relational Assessment
-Bodily Assessment


Our Take-Away Message
Chapter Summary


5. Stress. Coping, and Maladaptive Behavior
What This Chapter Is About
Stress and Coping
-Coping Skills
-The Coping Process
-Social Support

Stressful Situations and Life Transitions
-Stress-Arousing Situations
-Life Transitions

Clinical Reactions to Stress
-Adjustment Disorder
-Acute Stress Disorder
-Dissociative Disorders

Treating Stress-Related Problems
-Supportive Therapy
-Medications
-Relaxation Training
-Systematic Desensitization
-Cognitive Modification
-Social Intervention
-Challenges in Treating Stress Related Problems

Our Take-Away Message 185
Chapter Summary



6. Bodily Maladaptations: Eating Sleeping, and Psychophysiological Disorders
What This Chapter Is About
Psychological, Social, and Bodily Interactions
-The Biopsychosocial Model
-Behavioral Medicine and Health Psychology
-Stress and Illness



Eating Disorders
-Anorexia Nervosa
-Bulimia Nervosa
-Binge Eating
-Can Eating Disorders be Prevented?



Sleep Disorders
-Sleep Processes
-Dyssomnias
-Parasomnias



Psychophysiological Disorders
-Cardiovascular Disorders
-Cancer

Diagnostic Dilemmas
-Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
-Headaches
-Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Our Take-Away Message
Chapter Summary




7. Disorders of Bodily Preoccupation
What This Chapter Is About
Somatoform Disorders
-Pain Disorders
-Somatization Disorders
-Conversion Disorders
-Hypochondriasis
-Body Dysmorphic Disorders

Factitious Disorders and Malingering
Our Take-Away Message
Chapter Summary



8 Anxiety Disorders
What This Chapter Is About
The Experience of Anxiety
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Panic Disorder
Phobias
-Specific Phobias
-Social Phobias
-Agoraphobia

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
-Vulnerability Factors
-The Posttraumatic Experience

Interpreting and Treating Anxiety Disorders
-The Psychodynamic Perspective
-The Behavioral Perspective
-The Cognitive Perspective
-The Biological Perspective

Our Take-Away Message
Chapter Summary



9. Sexual Variants and Disorders
What This Chapter Is About 279
Changing Views of Sexual Behavior
-Surveys of Sexual Behavior
-Homosexuality: An Example of Changing Views of Sexual Behavior
-Bisexuality: An Understudied Sexual Variant
-Origins of Sexual Orientation


Sexual Dysfunction
-Types of Sexual Dysfunction
-Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction



Gender Identity Disorder
-Gender Identity Problems in Children
-Gender Identity Disorder in Adults
-Possible Causes of Gender Identity Disorder

The Paraphilias
-Fetishism
-Transvestic Fetishism
-Sexual Sadism and Masochism
-Voyeurism
-Frotteurism
-Exhibitionism
-Pedophilia
-Perspectives on the Paraphilias

Sexual Victimization
-Sexual Victimizers
-Sexual Harassment

Our Take-Away Message
Chapter Summary 307




10. Personality Disorders
What This Chapter Is About
Classifying Personality Disorders
Odd or Eccentric Behavior
-Paranoid Personality Disorder
-Schizoid Personality Disorder
-Schizotypal Personality Disorder



Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Behavior
-Histrionic Personality Disorder
-Narcissistic Personality Disorder
-Borderline Personality Disorder
-Antisocial Personality Disorder



Anxious or Fearful Behavior
-Avoidant Personality Disorder
-Dependent Personality Disorder
-Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder


Treatment of Personality Disorders
The Outlook for Personality Disorder Classification
Our Take-Away Message
Chapter Summary



11. Mood Disorders and Suicide
What This Chapter Is About
Depressed Mood
Mood Disorders
Depression
-Vulnerability Factors for Depression



Depressive Disorders
-Dysthymic Disorder
-Major Depressive Disorder


Causes and Treatment of Depression
-Biological Factors in Depression
-Biologically Based Treatment
-Psychologically Based Treatment
-The Humanistic-Existential View
-The Behavioral Perspective
-Behavioral Treatment for Depression
-The Cognitive Perspective
-Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
-The Vulnerability-Resilience Perspective
-Combined Treatment of Depression


The Bipolar Disorders
-Bipolar Disorder
-Bipolar II Disorder
-Cyclothymic Disorder

Causes and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
-Genetic Factors
-Biologically Based Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
-Psychosocial Factors and Bipolar Episodes
-Psychological Approaches for Bipolar Patients and Their Families




Suicide
-Mental Illness and Suicide
-Risk Factors for Suicide
-Life Events and Suicide
-Suicide Contagion


Prevention of Suicide
Our Take-Away Message
Chapter Summary


12. Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
What This Chapter Is About
Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia
-DSM-IV-TR Subtypes of Schizophrenia
-Positive and Negative Symptoms

Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders
The Development of Schizophrenia
-Genetic Factors
-Prenatal Factors

Studying Vulnerability in Schizophrenia
-Family Studies
-Twin Studies
-Adoption Studies
-Vulnerability and Adoptive Family Characteristics
-High-Risk Studies and the Search for Markers

Therapeutic Approaches
-Antipsychotic Drugs
-Psychosocial Approaches
-Family Programs
-Community Support
-Combined Treatment Approaches

Other Psychotic Disorders
-Schizoaffective Disorder
-Delusional Disorder
-Shared Psychotic Disorder

Our Take-Away Message
Chapter Summary

13. Cognitive Impairment Disorders
What This Chapter Is About
The Brain: An Interactional Perspective
-Vulnerability to Brain Disorders
-Assessing Brain Damage


Delirium
-Delinum Tiemens


Dementia
-Alzheimer's Disease
-Pick's Disease
-Huntington's Disease
-Parkinson's Disease
-Brain Trauma: Injuries. Tumors, and Infections


Amnestic Disorders
The Diversity of Cognitive Impairment Disorders
-Cerebrovascular Disorders
-Vascular Dementia
-Korsakoff's Syndrome
-Epilepsy


An Integrative Approach to Brain Disorders
Our Take-Away Message
Chapter Summary


14. Substance-Related Disorders
What This Chapter Is About
Substance-Use Disorders
-Substance Dependence
-Substance Abuse


Substance-Induced Disorders


Alcohol-Related Disorders
-Excessive Alcohol Use
-Theories and Treatment
-Preventing Alcohol-Related Disorders


Other Drugs
-Barbiturates and Tranquilizer
-The Opialds
-Cocaine
-Amphetamines
-Hallucinogens
-Phencyclidine (PCP)
-Inhalants
-Cannabis
-Nicotine
-Caffeine


Is There a Final Common Pathway?
Substance Dependence and Public Policy
Are There Behavioral Addictions? The Dilemma of Pathological Gambling
Our Take-Away Message
Chapter Summary


15. Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence
What This Chapter Is About
Externalizing Disorders
-Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
-Oppositional Defiant Disorder
-Conduct Disorder



Infernalizing Disorders
-Separation Anxiety Disorder
-Other Anxiety Disorders found in Childhood
-Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Children
-Depression

Other Childhood Disorders
Therapy for Children and Adolescents


-Play Therapy
-Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
-Family Therapy
-Effectiveness of Therapy With Children


Our Take-Away Message
Chapter Summary


16. Pervasive Developmental Disorders and Mental Retardation
What This Chapter Is About
Pervasive Developmental Disorders
-Autistic Disorder
- Asperger's Disorder
-Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
-Rett's Disorder
-Is There an Autistic Spectrum?



Mental Retardation
-Causes of Mental Retardation
-Historical Views of Mental Retardation
-Genetically Based Disorders
-Fragile X Syndrome
-Down Syndrome
-The Fetal Environment and Mental Retardation
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
-Problems During and After Birth
-Psychosocial Disadvantage
-Types of Prevention and Intervention in Mental Retardation
-Early Intervention Programs
-Vocational and Social Skills Training Programs
-Recognition and Treatment of Psychological Problems
-The Families of Mentally Retarded Children

Our Take-Away Message
Chapter Summary



17. Society's Response to Maladaptive Behavior
What This Chapter Is About
Types of Prevention
-Levels of Prevention
-Situation-Focused and Competency-Focused Prevention

Sites of Prevention
-The Family
-The School
-The Community

The Diverse Paths to Prevention
-Community Psychology
-Paraprofessionals
-Self-Help Groups

Treatment in the Community
-Problems With Community Programs
-Improving Treatment in the Community

Legal Aspects of Treatment and Prevention
-Institutionalization
-The Rights of Patients
-Confidentiality and the Duty to Warn

A Final Word
Our Take-Away Message
Chapter Summary
-Glossary
-References
-Credits
-Author Index
-Subject Index